What type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?

Efferent neurons are the type of neurons responsible for transmitting impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles and glands. This function is essential for executing motor commands and controlling bodily functions. When the CNS processes information and decides to respond, efferent neurons carry those signals away from the CNS to effectors, such as skeletal muscles that initiate movement or glands that release hormones.

In contrast, afferent neurons are responsible for carrying sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS, primarily providing feedback about the external environment or internal states. Interneurons act as relay points within the CNS, connecting afferent and efferent neurons, facilitating communication between them. Sensory neurons specifically deal with transmitting sensory data, rather than commands for actions. Therefore, the distinctive role of efferent neurons in signaling actions toward muscles and glands highlights their importance in the functioning of the motor system.